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In the second round of evaluations in 1910, the Colt design passed the extensive testing with no failures, while the Savage design suffered 37 stoppages or parts failures.\u00a0The resulting weapon was adopted as the\u00a0Model 1911.<\/p>\n
The cartridge\/pistol combination was quite successful but not satisfactory for U.S. military purposes. Over the next few years a series of improved designs were offered, culminating in the adoption in 1911 of the “Cal. .45 Automatic Pistol Ball Cartridge, Model of 1911”, a 1.273\u00a0in (32.3\u00a0mm)-long round with a bullet weight of 230 grains. The very first production, at Frankford Arsenal, was marked “F A 8 11”, for the August 1911 date.<\/p>\n
The cartridge was designed by John Browning of Colt, but the most influential person in selecting the cartridge was Army Ordnance member Gen.\u00a0John T. Thompson. Thompson insisted on a real “man stopper” pistol, following the poor showing of the Army’s .38 Long Colt pistols during the Philippine-American War (1899\u20131902).<\/p>\n
The .45 ACP is an effective combat pistol cartridge that combines accuracy and\u00a0stopping power\u00a0for use against human targets.\u00a0The cartridge also has relatively low muzzle blast and flash, as well as moderate\u00a0recoil. The .45 ACP also operates at a relatively low maximum chamber pressure rating of 21,000 psi (145 MPa) (compared to 35,000 psi\/240 MPa for\u00a09 mm Parabellum\u00a0and\u00a0.40 S&W, 37,500 psi\/260 MPa for\u00a010 mm Auto, 40,000 psi\/280 MPa for\u00a0.357 SIG), which due to a low\u00a0bolt thrust\u00a0helps extend service life of weapons in which it is fired.<\/p>\n
Like many pistol cartridges, it is a low-velocity round, and thus ineffective against\u00a0body armor. Another drawback for large scale military operations is the cartridge’s large size, weight, and the increased material cost of manufacture compared to the smaller 9\u00d719mm Parabellum cartridge.<\/p>\n The\u00a0U.S. Cavalry\u00a0had been buying and testing various handguns in the late 1890s and early 20th century. The\u00a0.45 Colt Single Action Army\u00a0(SAA) had largely been replaced, even by some double action versions of the same. The Cavalry had fielded some\u00a0double action revolvers\u00a0in\u00a0.38 Long Colt. They determined the .38 caliber round was significantly less effective against determined … <\/p>\n![\".45](\"https:\/\/staffordshirephoenixrifleandpistolclub.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/45acp.jpg\")
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